Psychological Testing: Psychometrics and Clinical Applications
Fulfills requirement: Psychological Testing
A working knowledge of psychological testing is important for all mental health therapists, whether they administer, score, and interpret tests themselves or whether they refer their clients for testing and review testing reports from other professionals. Psychological testing requires an appreciation for the issues involved in test development and in administration, scoring, and interpretation. In addition, psychological testing requires a fundamental understanding of psychometrics, appropriate use of norms and standardization, and identification of test bias. Mental health professionals must understand why test security is essential and be able to address the ethical and legal issues involved in competing interests for access. In addition, they must appreciate the utility of informant discrepancies and the specific competencies required in different clinical settings.
This advanced beginner to intermediate course is comprised of two sections. The first section consists of selected book chapters that review the fundamental concepts involved in psychometrics and psychological testing in an engaging way, aimed at non-mathematicians. The second section includes recent journal articles that highlight important general clinical issues and unique considerations for special populations. Topics include safeguarding test security, integrating informant discrepancies, conducting competent assessments in child custody for diverse families, assessing attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults, and selecting self-report measures of anxiety and depression in late life. The course concludes with a timely article that addresses the advantages, challenges, and future directions of the rapidly growing area of digital assessment.
Educational Objectives
- Discuss the different purposes, types, and assumptions of psychological tests
- Explain the main factors in test development, including standardization, the type of construct, the number and format of items, and the choice of raters
- Identify key issues in the administration, scoring, and interpretation of tests
- Compare the types of validity and explain how to identify test bias
- Explain why examiner competence is important in child custody testing in ethnically diverse families
- Discuss the components of ADHD assessment in young adults
- Identify the advantages and challenges of digital testing as well as future directions for research and practice
Syllabus
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Section one: Introduction to psychometrics and psychological testing
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Overview
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Focuses for different professionals and settings
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Traits versus States
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Personality traits versus ability traits
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Attitudes
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Assumptions of tests
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Tests and Scales
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Standardization
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Single-item versus multi-item tests
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Free-response versus multiple-choice tests
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Power versus speed tests
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Self-ratings versus peer ratings
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Administering and scoring questions and tests
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Computer/internet-based measures
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Practical issues in scoring tests
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Random responding, missing data, and guessing
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Interpreting Scores
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Appropriate use of percentiles and norms
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Scaling scores (Z-scores, T-scores)
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Normal distributions, stanines, and quartiles
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Test validity, bias, and invariance
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Types of validity
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Methods of validation
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Unfairness and test equivalence
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Detecting internal and external bias
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Section Two: Clinical applications
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Development and evaluation of assessments for counseling professionals
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Validity and The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing
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Types of evidence for validity
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Test Security
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Concerns about failure to maintain test security
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Professional endorsements of test security
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Test materials versus test data
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Competing interests regarding access to tests by non-psychologists
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Test security and digital assessment
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Discrepancies in Youth Mental Health Assessments
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Frequency and value of informant discrepancies
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Recommendations for future research on informant discrepancies
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Psychological testing in child custody evaluations with ethnically diverse families
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Selection of tests in light of standardization sample
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Competence of examiner
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Promoting fairness in administration and interpretation of tests
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Diagnosing ADHD in Young Adults
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Reasons for increase in adult ADHD diagnoses
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Primary statistics used to evaluate clinical utility of ADHD assessment measures
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Clinical interview and behavioral rating scales
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Symptom and performance validity testing
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Neuropsychological testing (e.g., continuous performance, working memory, executive functioning)
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Assessment of anxiety in older adults
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Aging-related differences in anxiety symptom manifestations
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Choosing self-report measures of late-life anxiety
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Future recommendations
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Assessment of late-life depression
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Complexity of differential diagnosis in elderly
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Advantages and limitations of self-report measures for late-life depression
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Choosing self-report measures of late-life depression
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Digital Assessment
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Challenges and advantages of digital assessment
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Recommendations and future directions
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